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Medical Watch

Ferret Care & Facts

Domestic ferrets are becoming increasingly popular pets in the United States. They are naturally very inquisitive and active animals. Ferrets by law must be vaccinated against rabies, and must be spayed or neutered by 7 months of age. Ferrets sold in pet stores have already been spayed or neutered, as well as descented. This can be verified by the tattoo marks on their ear. Ferrets in the United States typically live between 5 and 7 years. They weigh between 0.5 and 2.5 kilograms, with females typically smaller than the males.

Diet

Ferrets are strict carnivores, with a short intestinal tract which does not digest plant-based foods well. They require a high protein, meat-based diet. These are available in ferret kibbles such as Marshall Farms or Totally Ferret. In a pinch, a high quality kitten food (Evo, Science Diet, Iams, etc.) can be used, but is not preferred. They may also enjoy human baby food (meat varieties) as a treat, or during times of illness. Avoid treats that are high in fiber, such as raisins, raw vegetables, etc. as these can cause intestinal blockages. Generally, dry kibbles may be left out at all times for the ferret to graze on. Clean water should be provided at all times.

Environment

Ferrets love to explore. They are naturally curious, and physically able to squeeze their bodies into places that you couldn’t imagine! As large a cage as possible should be provided when the ferret cannot be supervised. The large metal ferret condos are ideal. Ferrets enjoy having a cozy, quiet spot to nap, so provide an enclosed sleeping area. Food and water bowls that are not easily tipped over are a must, so look for heavy crock-type ceramic dishes if possible. These and the cage should be thoroughly cleaned with hot, soapy water weekly. Some ferrets enjoy cloth “hammocks” to curl up in for naps. Most ferrets will use a litter pan if you offer them one. The pans that fit in the corner of the cage seem to be preferred. Pressed recycled paper litter or corncob-type litter is safest (Yesterday’s News, for example).

When you let your ferret out of its enclosure to explore, be sure that you have ferret-proofed the room that it is exploring in. Remove all chemicals, cleaning products, etc from cabinets – ferrets can learn how to open drawers and cabinets easily and are good climbers as well. Unplug all electric cords and put child-proof outlet covers in the electric outlets. Remove all rubber objects from the room, especially rubber door-stops; many ferrets have had surgery to remove these from their stomachs. Make it fun too! There are many safe ferret toys available that will keep your ferret busy while he or she is exploring. An extra litter pan or two may be a good idea to place around the room. Ferrets seem to prefer corners in which to urinate and defecate, so place your litter pans strategically to help avoid accidents. You may train your ferret to walk on a harness and leash, too. This will help ensure that your ferrets’ activities do not go unsupervised!

Medical Issues

Ferrets should be vaccinated against two diseases. The first is rabies, which is a fatal disease and is required by state law every year. The second is distemper, which is the same disease that dogs can be infected with. However, in ferrets the distemper infection is almost 100% fatal! A distemper vaccine made especially for ferrets must be used, as some dog distemper vaccines may actually cause the distemper disease in ferrets! Two distemper shots are given to young ferrets, followed by yearly boosters.

Twice-yearly examinations by a veterinarian are recommended, since ferrets age rapidly. Yearly bloodwork is recommended to screen for common diseases. Flea control may be necessary as well. Ferrets are susceptible to the same heartworm disease that affects dogs and cats – year-round heartworm prevention is preferred.

Signs of sickness to watch for include vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, hair loss, and swellings or growths on the body. Consult with your veterinarian right away if any of these occur.

With proper care and medical attention, ferrets can make a wonderful addition to your family! Visit Striegel Animal Hospital right away after adopting your ferret so you can get him or her off to a great start.

For an appointment at Striegel Animal Hospital, please call (618) 457-4133.